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Accounting greenhouse gas emissions of food consumption between urban and rural residents in China: a

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 357-374 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0763-y

摘要： Food consumption is necessary for human survival. On a global scale, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission related to food consumption accounts for 19%–29% of the total GHG emission. China has the largest population in the world, which is experiencing a rapid development. Under the background of urbanization and the adjustment of the diet structure of Chinese residents, it is critical to mitigate the overall GHG emission caused by food consumption. This study aims to employ a single-region input-output (SRIO) model and a multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model to measure GHG emission generated from food consumption in China and compare the contributions of different industrial sectors, uncovering the differences between urban and rural residents and among different provinces (autonomous regions/municipalities), as well as identifying the driving forces of GHG emission from food consumption at a national level. The results indicate that the total GHG emission generated from food consumption in China tripled from 157 Mt CO2e in 2002 to 452 Mt CO2e in 2017. The fastest growing GHG emission is from the consumption of other processed food and meat products. Although GHG emissions from both urban and rural residents increased, the gap between them is increasing. Agriculture, processing and manufacture of food, manufacture of chemical and transportation, storage and post services sectors are key sectors inducing food consumption related GHG emissions. From a regional perspective, the top five emission provinces (autonomous regions/municipalities) include Shandong, Hubei, Guangdong, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu. Based on such results, policy recommendations are proposed to mitigate the overall GHG emission from food consumption.

关键词： greenhouse gas (GHG) emission     food consumption     industry sectors     mitigation measures     urban governance    

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Spatiotemporal evolution and driving factors for GHG emissions of aluminum industry in China

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期   页码 294-305 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0819-7

摘要： China’s aluminum (Al) production has released a huge amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As one of the biggest country of primary Al production, China must mitigate its overall GHG emission from its Al industry so that the national carbon neutrality target can be achieved. Under such a background, the study described in this paper conducts a dynamic material flow analysis to reveal the spatiotemporal evolution features of Al flows in China from 2000 to 2020. Decomposition analysis is also performed to uncover the driving factors of GHG emission generated from the Al industry. The major findings include the fact that China’s primary Al production center has transferred to the western region; the primary Al smelting and carbon anode consumption are the most carbon-intensive processes in the Al life cycle; the accumulative GHG emission from electricity accounts for 78.14% of the total GHG emission generated from the Al industry; China’s current Al recycling ratio is low although the corresponding GHG emission can be reduced by 93.73% if all the primary Al can be replaced by secondary Al; and the total GHG emission can be reduced by 88.58% if major primary Al manufacturing firms are transferred from Inner Mongolia to Yunnan. Based upon these findings and considering regional disparity, several policy implications are proposed, including promotion of secondary Al production, support of clean electricity penetration, and relocation of the Al industry.

关键词： aluminum     material flow analysis     GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions     LMDI (logarithmic mean divisa index)    

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Abating transport GHG emissions by hydrogen fuel cell vehicles: Chances for the developing world

Han HAO, Zhexuan MU, Zongwei LIU, Fuquan ZHAO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 466-480 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0561-3

摘要：

Fuel cell vehicles, as the most promising clean vehicle technology for the future, represent the major chances for the developing world to avoid high-carbon lock-in in the transportation sector. In this paper, by taking China as an example, the unique advantages for China to deploy fuel cell vehicles are reviewed. Subsequently, this paper analyzes the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from 19 fuel cell vehicle utilization pathways by using the life cycle assessment approach. The results show that with the current grid mix in China, hydrogen from water electrolysis has the highest GHG emissions, at 3.10 kgCO2/km, while by-product hydrogen from the chlor-alkali industry has the lowest level, at 0.08 kgCO2/km. Regarding hydrogen storage and transportation, a combination of gas-hydrogen road transportation and single compression in the refueling station has the lowest GHG emissions. Regarding vehicle operation, GHG emissions from indirect methanol fuel cell are proved to be lower than those from direct hydrogen fuel cells. It is recommended that although fuel cell vehicles are promising for the developing world in reducing GHG emissions, the vehicle technology and hydrogen production issues should be well addressed to ensure the life-cycle low-carbon performance.

关键词： hydrogen     fuel cell vehicle     life cycle assessment     energy consumption     greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions     China    

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Greenhouse gas emissions mitigation and economic viability of sugar crops in China

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023529

摘要：

● Sugarcane and sugar beet yield and carbon footprint rose with time but profit declined

关键词： Economic profits     GHG emissions     labor input     nitrogen input     sugar    

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Quantification of energy related industrial eco-efficiency of China

Jiansu MAO, Yanchun DU, Linyu XU, Yong ZENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 585-596 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0289-8

摘要： Improving eco-efficiency is propitious for saving resources and reducing emissions, and has become a popular route to sustainable development. We define two energy-related eco-efficiencies: energy efficiency (ENE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission-related eco-efficiency (GEE) using energy consumption and the associated GHG emissions as the environmental impacts. Using statistical data, we analyze China’s energy consumption and GHG emissions by industrial subsystem and sector, and estimate the ENE and GEE values for China in 2007 as 4.871×10 ?US$/PJ and 4.26×10 US$/TgCO eq, respectively. Industry is the primary contributing subsystem of China’s economy, contributing 45.2% to the total economic production, using 79.6% of the energy consumed, and generating 91.4% of the total GHG emissions. We distinguish the individual contributions of the 39 industrial sectors to the national economy, overall energy consumption, and GHG emissions, and estimate their energy-related eco-efficiencies. The results show that although ferrous metal production contributes only 3.5% to the national industrial economy, it consumes the most industrial energy (20% of total), contributes 16% to the total industrial global warming potential (GWP), and ranks third in GHG emissions. The power and heat sector ranks first in GHG emissions and contributes one-third of the total industrial GWP, although it only consumes about 8% of total industrial energy and, like ferrous metal production, contributes 3.5% to the national economy. The ENE of the ferrous metal and power and heat sectors are only 8 and 2.1×10 US$/PJ, while the GEE for these two sectors are 9 and 4×10 US$/GgCO eq, respectively; these are nearly the lowest ENE and GEE values among all 39 industry sectors. Finally, we discuss the possibility of eco-efficiency improvement through a comparison with other countries.

关键词： eco-efficiency     greenhouse gas (GHG)     global warming potential (GWP)     industrial sectors     energy saving    

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Analyzing the energy intensity and greenhouse gas emission of Canadian oil sands crude upgrading through

Anton ALVAREZ-MAJMUTOV,Jinwen CHEN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 212-218 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1424-z

摘要： This paper presents an evaluation of the energy intensity and related greenhouse gas/CO emissions of integrated oil sands crude upgrading processes. Two major oil sands crude upgrading schemes currently used in Canadian oil sands operations were investigated: coking-based and hydroconversion-based. The analysis, which was based on a robust process model of the entire process, was constructed in Aspen HYSYS and calibrated with representative data. Simulations were conducted for the two upgrading schemes in order to generate a detailed inventory of the required energy and utility inputs: process fuel, steam, hydrogen and power. It was concluded that while hydroconversion-based scheme yields considerably higher amount of synthetic crude oil (SCO) than the coker-based scheme (94 wt-% vs. 76 wt-%), it consumes more energy and is therefore more CO -intensive (413.2 kg CO /m vs. 216.4 kg CO /m ). This substantial difference results from the large amount of hydrogen consumed in the ebullated-bed hydroconverter in the hydroconversion-based scheme, as hydrogen production through conventional methane steam reforming is highly energy-intensive and therefore the major source of CO emission. Further simulations indicated that optimization of hydroconverter operating variables had only a minor effect on the overall CO emission due to the complex trade-off effect between energy inputs.

关键词： Oil sands crude upgrading     hydroconversion     process modeling     greenhouse gas emissions    

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GREENHOUSE GAS AND AMMONIA EMISSION MITIGATION PRIORITIES FOR UK POLICY TARGETS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第2期   页码 268-280 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023495

摘要：

● An expert survey highlighted the most effective strategies for GHG and ammonia mitigation.

关键词： agriculture     ammonia     greenhouse gas     mitigation     net zero    

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PROPOSED INNOVATION REFORM MODEL FOR THE MINERAL NITROGEN FERTILIZER INDUSTRY IN CHINA TO REDUCE GREENHOUSEGAS EMISSIONS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第2期   页码 234-247 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022468

摘要：

● The carbon footprint of the nitrogen fertilizer chain has decreased significantly over the last decade.

关键词： carbon accounting     life cycle assessment     policy     product structure    

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Life-cycle analysis of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of gas-to-liquid fuel pathway from steelmill off-gas in China by the LanzaTech process

Xunmin OU, Xu ZHANG, Qian ZHANG, Xiliang ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 263-270 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0263-9

摘要： The LanzaTech process can convert carbon monoxide-containing gases produced by industries, such as steel manufacturing, into valuable fuel products. The life-cycle analysis (LCA) of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions from the LanzaTech process has been developed for a Chinese setting using the original Tsinghua China Automotive LCA model along with a customized module developed principally for the process. The LCA results demonstrate that LanzaTech gas-to-liquid (GTL) processing in China’s steel manufacturing is favorable in terms of life-cycle fossil energy and can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 50% compared with the conventional petroleum gasoline. The LanzaTech process, therefore, shows advantages in both energy-savings and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions when compared with most bio-ethanol production pathways in China.

关键词： life-cycle analysis (LCA)     gas-to-liquid (GTL)     LanzaTech process    

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Transportation: meeting the dual challenges of achieving energy security and reducing greenhouse gas

Michael Quanlu WANG, Hong HUO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 212-225 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0016-y

摘要： As the population and economy continue to grow globally, demand for energy will continue to grow. The transportation sector relies solely on petroleum for its energy supply. The United States and China are the top two oil-importing countries. A major issue both countries face and are addressing is energy insecurity as a result of the demand for liquid fuels. Improvements in the energy efficiency of vehicles and the substitution of petroleum fuels with alternative fuels can help contain growth in the demand for transportation oil. Although most alternative transportation fuels - when applied to advanced vehicle technologies - can substantially reduce greenhouse emissions, coal-based liquid fuels may increase greenhouse gas emissions by twice as much as gasoline. Such technologies as carbon capture and storage may need to be employed to manage the greenhouse gas emissions of coal-based fuels. At present, there is no ideal transportation fuel option to solve problems related to transportation energy and greenhouse gas emissions. To solve these problems, research and development efforts are needed for a variety of transportation fuel options and advanced vehicle technologies.

关键词： transportation energy     energy security     greenhouse gases     alternative fuels     vehicle technologies    

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Field scale measurement of greenhouse gas emissions from land applied swine manure

Devin L. Maurer, Jacek A. Koziel, Kelsey Bruning

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0915-9

摘要： Greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) from swine production systems are relatively well researched with the exception of emissions from land application of manure. GHGs inventories are needed for process-based modeling and science-based regulations. Thus, the objective of this observational study was to measure GHG fluxes from land application of swine manure on a typical corn field. Assessment of GHG emissions from deep injected land-applied swine manure, fall and reapplication in the spring, on a typical US Midwestern corn-on-corn farm was completed. Static chambers were used for flux measurement along with gas analysis on a GC-FID-ECD. Measured gas concentrations were used to estimate GHGs flux using four different models: linear regression, nonlinear regression, first order linear regression and the revised Hutchinson and Mosier (HMR) model, respectively for comparisons. Cumulative flux estimates after manure application of 5.85 × 10 g·ha (1 ha= 0.01 km ) of CO , 6.60 × 10 g·ha of CH , and 3.48 × 10 g·ha N O for the fall trial and 3.11 × 10 g·ha of CO , 2.95 × 10 g·ha of CH , and 1.47 × 10 g·ha N O after the spring reapplication trial were observed. The N O net cumulative flux represents 0.595% of nitrogen applied in swine manure for the fall trial.

关键词： Climate change     Emissions     Greenhouse gases     Land application     Swine manure    

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Carbon dioxide sequestration in petrochemical industries with the aim of reduction in greenhouse gas

Maryam Takht Ravanchi, Saeed Sahebdelfar, Farnaz Tahriri Zangeneh

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 173-178 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0562-1

摘要： The mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions to acceptable levels is arguably the greatest environmental challenge these days. Vast utilization of fossil fuels and forest destruction are main causes of CO increase in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide sequestration that consists of separation, transportation and utilization or storage of CO , is one way for reduction of its emission, in which the most costly section is separation. Different methods can be used for carbon dioxide separation such as absorption, membrane separation, adsorption and cryogenic distillation. Economic, technical and environmental issues should be considered in selection of the technology for particular application. Carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, pressure and flow rate are influential operating parameters in the selection of the appropriate separation method. Nowadays, absorption is the worldwide industrial separation method. New researches are focused on developing new stable solvents and efficient column configuration with suitable internals to minimize pressure drop. Membrane separation and adsorption (PSA type) are other long-term alternatives that can increase separation efficiency and decrease separation cost. The level of energy consumption in various separation methods are in the order: chemical absorption>physical absorption>membrane separation. Because of high investment costs, current separation technologies are suitable for large concentrated sources. In the present paper, different processes for carbon dioxide separation are investigated and compared. Available technologies and commercial plants for CO sequestration are provided.

关键词： carbon dioxide     greenhouse effect     separation     membrane     absorption     adsorption    

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Pilot-scale studies of domestic wastewater treatment by typical constructed wetlands and their greenhousegas emissions

Chaoxiang LIU, Kaiqin XU, Ryuhei INAMORI, Yuhei INAMORI, Yoshitaka EBIE, Jie LIAO,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 477-482 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0155-8

摘要： Three typical constructed wetlands (CWs) including Vertical Flow (VF), Free Water Surface (FWS), and Subsurface Flow (SF), and combined VF-SF-FWS constructed wetlands were investigated for the treatment of domestic wastewater with low C/N ratio. The performance of nutrient removal and the characteristics of greenhouse gas emissions, such as CH and NO, from these CWs were compared. The results indicated that the four types of CWs had high removal efficiencies for organic matter and suspended solid (SS). The combined wetland also showed a comparatively good performance for nitrogen and phosphorus removal, and the removal efficiencies for total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were 81.3% and 84.5%, respectively. The combined CWs had a comparative lower global warming potential. The FWS CW had the highest tendency to emit CH and led to a higher global warming potential among the four types of CWs, which was about 586 mg CO/m·h.

关键词： global warming potential     methane     nitrous oxide     low C/N ratio     nitrogen     phosphorus    

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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM LIVESTOCK IN CHINA AND MITIGATION OPTIONS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF CARBON

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第2期   页码 226-233 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023486

摘要：

● Livestock is major greenhouse gas source in agriculture in China.

关键词： animal husbandry     emission reduction solutions     feed improvement     greenhouse gases emission     manure management    

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Experimental study on capturing CO 2 greenhouse gas by mixture of ammonia and soil

Ying WU, Yifei WANG, Qinghua ZENG, Xin GONG, Zunhong YU,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 468-473 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0257-7

摘要： This paper presents our study on removal of carbon dioxide (CO) greenhouse gas emissions by using the mixture of ammonia and soil. CO capture capacity using this method is 15% higher than the sum of ammonia chemical absorption capacity and soil physical adsorption capacity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are utilized to study this synergism. The removal effect is not only reflected in ammonia chemical reaction with CO. CO can also be absorbed by ammonium bicarbonate (NHHCO) crystal, which is the main component of the product, or wrapped in the pore of the crystal or packed in the gap between the crystal and the soil. CO can be permanently deposited as carbonated minerals in the subsoil earth layers.

关键词： electron microscopy     product     physical adsorption     capacity     spectroscopy    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Accounting greenhouse gas emissions of food consumption between urban and rural residents in China: a

期刊论文

Spatiotemporal evolution and driving factors for GHG emissions of aluminum industry in China

期刊论文

Abating transport GHG emissions by hydrogen fuel cell vehicles: Chances for the developing world

Han HAO, Zhexuan MU, Zongwei LIU, Fuquan ZHAO

期刊论文

Greenhouse gas emissions mitigation and economic viability of sugar crops in China

期刊论文

Quantification of energy related industrial eco-efficiency of China

Jiansu MAO, Yanchun DU, Linyu XU, Yong ZENG

期刊论文

Analyzing the energy intensity and greenhouse gas emission of Canadian oil sands crude upgrading through

Anton ALVAREZ-MAJMUTOV,Jinwen CHEN

期刊论文

GREENHOUSE GAS AND AMMONIA EMISSION MITIGATION PRIORITIES FOR UK POLICY TARGETS

期刊论文

PROPOSED INNOVATION REFORM MODEL FOR THE MINERAL NITROGEN FERTILIZER INDUSTRY IN CHINA TO REDUCE GREENHOUSEGAS EMISSIONS

期刊论文

Life-cycle analysis of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of gas-to-liquid fuel pathway from steelmill off-gas in China by the LanzaTech process

Xunmin OU, Xu ZHANG, Qian ZHANG, Xiliang ZHANG

期刊论文

Transportation: meeting the dual challenges of achieving energy security and reducing greenhouse gas

Michael Quanlu WANG, Hong HUO

期刊论文

Field scale measurement of greenhouse gas emissions from land applied swine manure

Devin L. Maurer, Jacek A. Koziel, Kelsey Bruning

期刊论文

Carbon dioxide sequestration in petrochemical industries with the aim of reduction in greenhouse gas

Maryam Takht Ravanchi, Saeed Sahebdelfar, Farnaz Tahriri Zangeneh

期刊论文

Pilot-scale studies of domestic wastewater treatment by typical constructed wetlands and their greenhousegas emissions

Chaoxiang LIU, Kaiqin XU, Ryuhei INAMORI, Yuhei INAMORI, Yoshitaka EBIE, Jie LIAO,

期刊论文

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM LIVESTOCK IN CHINA AND MITIGATION OPTIONS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF CARBON

期刊论文

Experimental study on capturing CO 2 greenhouse gas by mixture of ammonia and soil

Ying WU, Yifei WANG, Qinghua ZENG, Xin GONG, Zunhong YU,

期刊论文